The Apollo Mission Simulator

During the Apollo program, astronauts spent a third of their training time using hardware simulators for training purposes. Simulators allowed crewmembers to not only rehearse and master their mission but also build resilience by understanding where things could potentially go wrong. Flight Director Gene Kranz quickly assumed that when his guidance computer displayed 1201 code,…

The Red Planet

Mars, located as the fourth planet from the Sun and an Earthlike planet with two moons, features an atmosphere which is thin compared to Earth and features that resemble impact craters found on both bodies as well as valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps. Earth also experiences giant dust storms which last for months and…

The Life of a Plant Cycle

Plants are multicellular organisms that use photosynthesis to produce food from water and sunlight, with life cycles marked by alternation of generations – in other words, diploid sporophytes alternate with gametophytes that reproduce sexually or asexually. Many plants begin their lives as seeds that germinate and develop until reaching maturity, producing flowers and seeds to…

The Apollo Mission Food

Food not only keeps astronauts healthy but it plays a critical role in morale as well. Dehydrated meals had to be lightweight and easily transported, while still tasting good. Early space food was bland and unappetizing, but advances during Mercury and Gemini led to greater variety, improved taste, and streamlined preparation processes. Hot Water NASA…

Celebrating the Apollo 11 60th Anniversary

Generations have viewed Apollo 11’s landing as one of the defining moments in human history, and as we approach its 50th anniversary celebrations are marking this event with extra-special celebrations at destinations tied directly to it. Space Center Houston in Texas and other sites have returned to the 1969 look, hosting special events honoring Armstrong,…