As early as 1500, Leonardo da Vinci attempted to understand why the sky was blue. He kept a notebook that documented sunlight passing through wood smoke, and appears to have grasped light scattering phenomena. The sky appears blue because shorter blue wavelengths are scattered more effectively by atmospheric particles than longer red wavelengths. Sunlight As…
The Nile River is one of Africa’s longest rivers and runs through Egypt, creating fertile valleys across arid landscapes while shaping human civilization along its journey. For millennia, Egypt has been sustained by the Nile’s northward course and annual floods, while their impact has had far reaching implications throughout world history. It is the longest…
Sea horses are unique among marine fish species in that males can become pregnant during mating. A female deposits her eggs into his brood pouch and is fertilized. He uses his frontal pouch to regulate conditions within, providing nutrients to embryos forming within it for up to six weeks before using muscular contractions to expulse…
Roman Empire was an immensely powerful and formidable entity. Their highly trained army became well known across three continents. Ancient Roman society was quite complex. Citizens, non-citizens and slaves all played roles within Roman society; while citizens occupying top ranks were highly esteemed individuals while non-citizens and slaves enjoyed less rights than their fellow Romans….
Plants follow similar stages to humans: beginning as seeds and maturing into adults. Each seed encases a miniature plant inside. To germinate successfully, this miniaturised ecosystem requires water, warmth and oxygen for proper growth; once germinated it develops into a seedling before eventually becoming an adult plant. Seeds At the core of any plant’s lifecycle…
As sunlight enters Earth’s atmosphere, its light is dispersed through gases and particles in the atmosphere by various gases and particles; light toward the blue end of the spectrum is scattered more widely than red end light, giving Earth its signature blue hue. As writers, it is our responsibility to pay close attention to reader…
NASA’s Apollo program consisted of six missions which used command modules and lunar modules to land astronauts on the Moon. On July 20, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set sail from Columbia’s command module and entered their lunar module Eagle, landing successfully and surveying its surface before calling home: “Houston Tranquility Base here:…
Human bodies are one of the most complex creatures on Earth. Each cell, organ and system contains numerous fascinating facts – some even bizarre! Your hands contain more bones than your feet, yet their fingers can be uneven in shape. In addition, ears and noses continue to develop even after we stop growing taller! 1….
Once Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took off from the Moon aboard an ascent stage of LM, they met with Michael Collins in the command module – although NASA engineers assumed Eagle would crash onto its lunar surface, gravitational analysis suggests otherwise – possibly creating an historical artifact! The Eagle’s Orbit Neil Armstrong made history…
