Armstrong took hundreds of millions of people along with him as he set foot on the Eagle and declared, ‘That is one small step for man, but one giant leap for mankind.” NASA’s program to reach the Moon would reach an important milestone with a successful landing, representing years of preparation and technical development. The…
All but four astronauts who ever set foot on the Moon have now passed on, yet that was only part of Apollo’s unfortunate legacy. First was a tragic fire on the launch pad that claimed three lives: Gus Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee – an event which fundamentally altered NASA’s moon program. The Fire…
Computer control of spacecraft systems assisted Armstrong during descent. At certain altitudes, an abort was no longer an option and an abort procedure could only be carried out with clearance from NASA. On 20 July, Armstrong detached Eagle from Collins and began its powered descent towards the lunar surface, eventually conducting his inaugural two and…
Kennedy Space Center (KSC), situated at Cape Canaveral in Florida, plays an integral part of JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure: Stone Ocean as one of its six parts and provides Enrico Pucci with an opportunity to attain heaven. This film employs techniques of direct cinema to give audiences the feeling that they are an observer on an…
The Lunar Roving Vehicle, or LRV, allowed astronauts to travel farther from their lunar modules and carry more equipment with ease despite wearing bulky space suits. Furthermore, its design made using it even simpler. Its aluminum chassis was hinged to fit neatly into a bay on the lunar module, and production took only 17 months…
Dreier used official NASA budget submissions to Congress and internal documentation describing appropriations for facilities and overhead expenses during FY 1961 to 1973 as the basis of his reconstruction of Apollo costs, then adjusted them for inflation using two inflation indices tailored specifically for aerospace projects. Exploring the costs involved in beating Soviet spacecraft to…
After landing safely in a lunar crater known as the Sea of Tranquility, astronauts Neil Armstrong ScD ’63 and Buzz Aldrin emerged from their Eagle spacecraft and proceeded to step outside their landing site with seismometers tracking every movement they made. Apollo J missions would have included longer extravehicular activities and Lunar Roving Vehicle, or…
NASA’s Apollo program was its flagship effort in the 1960s and ’70s for human exploration of space, using Saturn family rockets to send 12 crewed missions to land humans on lunar surfaces and 1 uncrewed test flight. Apollo 1 was the inaugural crewed mission, yet tragically failed when its crew module caught fire during a…
Apollo 9 was intended to perform an Earth-orbiting engineering test of the first crewed lunar module, known as LM. Other key objectives were checking of launch vehicle systems, procedures, crewing issues and crew. Mission goal was the first docking of two spacecraft carrying astronauts into space, known as Spider and Gumdrop respectively by astronauts themselves;…
